Introduction Why write a book on women in public service organizations? Principles guiding the book Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Outline of the book 1. From representation to diversity: the road ahead From diversity to representation Equity-based arguments for diversity The consumerist argument for representative bureaucracy Identity diversity and functional diversity Diversity and the challenge of representing groups Passive and active representation Work-life balance, fit, or satisfaction Diversity theories Gender and roles Implicit bias Institutional discrimination Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key terms 2. Legislation affecting women Employment discrimination legislation Sex-Based employment discrimination Equal pay legislation Disability and genetics legislation Legislation on workplace benefits Family medical leave Breastfeeding and the law Publicly supported child care and education Reconsidering policy: an opportunity? Family responsibility discrimination, a new frontier Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key terms 3. Policy, the executive branch, and the courts Policies by political leadership of the executive branch Affirmative action (executive order 11246) Obama administration's leadership The supreme court and landmark rulings Affirmative action: university of michigan admissions policies Equal pay act: ledbetter v. goodyear tire Implications for title VII of the civil rights act: Staub v. Proctor Hospital Dukes v. Wal-Mart Sex equality and federal agencies Department of labor Equal employment opportunity commission National science foundation Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key terms 4. Social costs of career Workplace "choices" Social costs of career: trends in marriage, divorce, and children Career costs: salvaging a career by exiting and reentering, downshifting, or entrepreneurship Part-time "bad" jobs Work-life balance policies Family medical leave act as the floor Flexible schedules Supportive lactation policies and programs Child-care and elder-care benefits Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key terms 5. Segregation and representation of women in public organizations Women in representative institutions Overrepresentation and underrepresentation in public administration Agency segregation Position segregation Occupational segregation Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key terms 6. Equal pay Nature of work and pay Occupational, agency, and position-level segregations Part-time vs. Full-Time work Entry and reentry: "the mommy track" Human capital factors Organization type and industry Years of experience Collective bargaining Education and pay Authority pays Age Merit and cost of living Gender A new glass ceiling Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key terms 7. Women in organizations: from mentoring to bullying Mentoring Informal vs. Formal mentoring Mentoring functions Negotiating In the workforce In the home Workplace violence Bullying Sexual harassment Physical violence Barriers, challenges, and opportunities Key Terms